Find out more about sodium reduction, Smart Salt® and its application and contribution to heart health.
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Smart Salt® and Sodium Reduction
Mitchell H and Komitopoulou E. Microbial effects of replacing sodium chloride with a magnesium-containing mineral salt in white bread. AgroFood Industry Hi Tech. March/April 2013 Vol 23 (2)
Huopaniemi T, Rolf D, Ramm-Schmidt L and Mitchell H. Smart Salt – A flexible salt reduction system. Innovations in Food Technology February 2012.
Mitchell H. Smart Salt: salt reduction and balancing minerals for good health. Innovations in Food Technology February 2013.
Mitchell H. Be smart with minerals. Innovations in Food Technology February 2014.
Mitchell H. Smart Salt: Tastes like Salt, Preserves like Salt, Handles like Salt. Innovations in Food Technology. November 2014
Mitchell, H. Low sodium diets need smart reduction strategies. Innovations in Food Technology. February 2015
Sarkkinen ES, Kastarinen MJ, Niskanen TH, Karjaleinen PH, Venalainen TM, Udani JK and Niskanen LK. Feasibility and anti-hypertensive effect of replacing regular salt with mineral salt rich in magnesium and potassium in subjects with mildly elevated blood pressure. Nutrition Journal, 2011, Vol. 10:88
Mitchell H. Chapter 5: Developing Products for Consumers with Low Sodium/Salt Requirements in Developing Products for Consumers with Specific Dietary Needs. Edited by Steve Osborn and Wayne Morley. London : Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science , Technology and Nutrition: Number 300, 2016.
Mitchell H. Chapter 9: Alternative Ingredients to Sodium Chloride in Reducing Salt in Foods. Elsevier Press 2019. In press
WASH. World Action on Salt & Health. Available online 2019 at http://www.worldactionsalt.com
Magnesium, Potassium and Heart Health
Mitchell H. Magensium: its role in reducing sodium in foods and in the balance of minerals for heart health. Agro Food Industry HiTech, 2016, Vol 27 (4)
Rosanoff A and Clemens R: Managing Magnesium in a Sodium-Dominant Era. International Food Technology June 2010, Vol 64.
Seelig MS and Rosanoff A. The Magnesium Factor ISBN 1-58333-156-5 2003 Penguin Group (USA) Inc
Rosanoff A. The Mg Hypothesis of Cardiovascular Disease. The Center for Magnesium Education and Research LLC. Available on line 2016 at http://www.magnesiumeducation.com
Rosanoff A. and Seelig M. Review: Comparison of Mechanism and Functional Effects of Magnesium and Statin Pharmaceuticals. Journal of the Amercian College of Nutrition, 2004, Vol. 23
Sarkkinen ES, Kastarinen MJ, Niskanen TH, Karjaleinen PH, Venalainen TM, Udani JK and Niskanen LK. Feasibility and anti-hypertensive effect of replacing regular salt with mineral salt rich in magnesium and potassium in subjects with mildly elevated blood pressure. Nutrition Journal, 2011, Vol. 10:88
Karppanen H, Tanskanen A, Tuomilehto J, Puska P, Vuori J, Jäntti V, et al., Safety and effects of potassium- and magnesium-containing low sodium salt mixtures. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1984, 6 (Suppl 1):S236-43.
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Omvik P, Myking OL. Unchanged central hemodynamics after six months of moderate sodium restriction with or without potassium supplement in essential hypertension. Blood Press 1995, 4:32-41.
Gilleran G, O’Leary M, Bartlett WA, Vinall H, Jones AF, Dodson PM., Effects of dietary sodium substitution with potassium and magnesium in hypertensive type II diabetics: a randomised blind controlled parallel study. J Hum Hypertens 1996, 10:517-21.
Kawasaki T, Itoh K, Kawasaki M., Reduction in blood pressure with a sodium-reduced, potassium- and magnesium-enriched mineral salt in subjects with mild essential hypertension. Hypertens Res 1998,21:235-43.
Katz A, Rosenthal T, Maoz C, Peleg E, Zeidenstein R, Levi Y., Effect of a mineral salt diet on 24-h blood pressure monitoring in elderly hypertensive patients. J Hum Hypertens 1999, 13:777-80.
World Health Organisation: Guideline: Potassium intake for adults and children. Geneva, World Health Organisation (WHO), 2012
European Responsible Nutrition Alliance: Magnesium Fact Sheet. Available at http://www.erna.org/erna-fact-book
European Responsible Nutrition Alliance (ERNA). Facts about vitamins, minerals and other food componenets with health effects. Available online 2013 at www.foodsupplementseurope.org
Jahnen-Dechent W and Kettler M. Magnesium basics. Suppl 1, 2012, Clin Kidney J, Vol. 5, pp. i3-i14.
Houston M.C. et al., Potassium, Magnesium, and Calcium: Their Role in Both the Cause and Treatment of Hypertension. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 2008, Vol. 19.
Binia A et al. Daily Potassium Intake and Sodium to Potassium Ratio in the Reduction of Blood Pressure; a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (published ahead of print). Food Navigator. Available online 2015 at http://www.foodnavigator:usa.com.
Mason, Paul. Calculation of American Deaths Caused by Magnesium Deficiency, as Projected from International Data. Available online 2015 at http://www.mgwater.com/calcs.shtml.
The Definitive Guide to Magnesium and Magnesium Supplements. Metabolics. Available online 2014 at http://www.metabolics.com.
The European Food Safety Authority. Scientific Opinion on Health Claims related to Magnesium. EFSA Journal, 2009, Vol. 7.
The European Food Safety Authority. Scientific Opinion on Health Claims related to Magnesium Chloride. EFSA Journal, 2010, Vol.
Sodium Reduction and Public Health
World Health Organisation. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic disease. Report of a Joint WHO/FAO Expert Consultation, Geneva. WHO Technical Report Series, 2003, Vol No 916
World Health Organisation. Preventing chronic disease: a vital investment. Geneva, 2005.Available at http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/contents/en/index.html.
World Health Organisation. Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines for assessment and management of cardiovascular risks. Geneva. World Health OrganizationWHO), 2007
World Health Organisation. Global health risks: Mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO), 2009 .
World Health Organisation. Guideline: Sodium intake for adults and children. Geneva, World Health Organisation (WHO), 2012
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States (2010) Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, Washington DC. ISBN-13:978-0-309-14805-4
Department of Health UK. Responsibility Deal Food Network – New salt targets: F9 Salt Reduction 2017 pledge & F10 Out of Home Salt reduction pledge. Available online 2014 at http://www.responsibilitydeal.dh.gov.
The New York City Health Department. National Salt Reduction Initiative. Avaialble online 2015 at http://www.nyc.cov/html/doh/html/diseases/salt/shtml
American Heart Association. Low sodium diet beyond the basics. Available online 2015 at http://www.uptodate.com/contents/low-sodium-diet-beyond-the-basics
Champagne, A.M. Dietary Invterventaion on Blood Pressure; the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trials. Nutr Rev, 2006, Vol. 64.
China Salt Substitute Study Collaborative Group: Salt substitution: a low cost strategy for blood pressure control among rural Chinese. A randomized, controlled trial. J Hypertens 2007, 25:2011-8.
Cappuccio F.P. and Capewell S. Facts, issues and Controversies in Salt Reduction for the Prevention of Cardiovasuclar Disease. 2015. Functional Food Reviews, Vol. 7, pp. 41-61.
Puska P. Successful prevention of non-communicable diesases; 25 years experiences with North Karelia Project in Finland. Public Health Medicine, 2002, Vol. 4.
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